Impaired retinal oxygen metabolism and perfusion are accompanied by plasma protein and lipid alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients
- Author(s)
- Viktoria Pai, Andrea Bileck, Nikolaus Hommer, Patrick Janku, Theresa Lindner, Victoria Kauer, Benedikt Rumpf, Helmuth Haslacher, Gerhard Hagn, Samuel M. Meier-Menches, Leopold Schmetterer, Doreen Schmidl, Christopher Gerner, Gerhard Garhöfer
- Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate retinal microcirculatory and functional metabolic changes in patients after they had recovered from a moderate to severe acute COVID-19 infection. Retinal perfusion was quantified using laser speckle flowgraphy. Oxygen saturation and retinal calibers were assessed with a dynamic vessel analyzer. Arterio-venous ratio (AVR) was calculated based on retinal vessel diameter data. Blood plasma samples underwent mass spectrometry-based multi-omics profiling, including proteomics, metabolomics and eicosadomics. A total of 40 subjects were included in the present study, of which 29 had recovered from moderate to severe COVID-19 within 2 to 23 weeks before inclusion and 11 had never had COVID-19, as confirmed by antibody testing. Perfusion in retinal vessels was significantly lower in patients (60.6 ± 16.0 a.u.) than in control subjects (76.2 ± 12.1 a.u., p = 0.006). Arterio-venous (AV) difference in oxygen saturation and AVR was significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.021 for AVR and p = 0.023 for AV difference in oxygen saturation). Molecular profiles demonstrated down-regulation of cell adhesion molecules, NOTCH3 and fatty acids, and suggested a bisphasic dysregulation of nitric oxide synthesis after COVID-19 infection. The results of this study imply that retinal perfusion and oxygen metabolism is still significantly altered in patients well beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. This is also reflected in the molecular profiling analysis of blood plasma, indicating a down-regulation of nitric oxide-related endothelial and immunological cell functions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov) NCT05650905.
- Organisation(s)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Metabolome Facility, Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- External organisation(s)
- Medizinische Universität Wien, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Klinik Favoriten
- Journal
- Scientific Reports
- Volume
- 14
- ISSN
- 2045-2322
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56834-4
- Publication date
- 04-2024
- Peer reviewed
- Yes
- Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 104002 Analytical chemistry, 106057 Metabolomics, 301303 Medical biochemistry
- Keywords
- ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General
- Portal url
- https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/6f2dc7f2-434b-4ce6-888d-d6fd8d3a7769