Color-corrected and high-contrast catadioptric relay for maskless high-resolution nucleic acid photolithography

Author(s)
Timm Michel, Jürgen Behr, Hamed Sabzalipoor, Glenda Gisela Ibanez Redin, Jory Lietard, Thomas Schletterer, Max Funck, Mark M. Somoza
Abstract

Large-scale synthesis of DNA and RNA is a crucial technology for modern biological research ranging from genomics to nucleic acid therapeutics and for technological research ranging from nanofabrication of materials to molecular-level writing of digital data. Maskless array synthesis (MAS) is a versatile and efficient approach for creating the required complex microarrays and libraries of DNA and other nucleic acids for these applications and, more generally, for synthesizing sequence-defined engineered and biological oligomers. MAS uses digital photomasks displayed by a digital micromirror device (DMD) illuminated by an appropriate light source and imaged into a photochemical reaction chamber with an optical relay system. Previously, Offner relay systems were used for imaging, but modern DMD formats with more and smaller micromirrors favor a different solution. We present a desktop MAS optical system with the larger numerical aperture and larger field of view required by 1080p and other large-format DMDs. The resulting catadioptric relay is well suited to modern DMDs in this application and is corrected for first-order axial and lateral color, enabling the use of high-power LEDs as inexpensive and long-lasting light sources spanning the ultraviolet-to-violet to perform the required photochemistry. Additional system characteristics, including high contrast and low scatter, make it ideal for reducing the error rates in the photochemical synthesis of biomolecules.

Organisation(s)
Department of Inorganic Chemistry
External organisation(s)
Technische Universität München, Ingenieurbüro Thomas Schletterer, Funck Optics
Journal
Optics Express
Volume
33
Pages
17068-17084
No. of pages
17
ISSN
1094-4087
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.557937
Publication date
04-2025
Peer reviewed
Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012
104017 Physical chemistry, 103021 Optics
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Portal url
https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/84c0cfeb-ff18-4a1b-9fa8-5f362715f0a9